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Tornado outbreak of May 6–7, 2023
Rowlett Texas tornado
EF3 tornado near Eudora, Kansas on May 6.
Type: Unknown
Active: May 6–7, 2023
Duration of tornado outbreak1: 1 day, 13 hours, 3 minutes
Maximum rated tornado2: EF4 tornado
Highest winds Unknown
Tornadoes confirmed: 74
Damage: $461 million
Injuries: Unknown
Fatalities: 18 (+1 non-tornadic)
Areas affected: Unknown

1Time from first tornado to last tornado
2Most severe tornado damage; see wikipedia:Enhanced Fujita scale

The tornado outbreak of May 6–7, 2023 was a violent and prolific tornado outbreak which affected the Central Plains and Midwestern states from the mid-morning hours of May 6 until the early evening hours of May 7. The outbreak produced a total of 74 tornadoes, including four which were rated EF4 and six which were rated EF3. 18 people were killed in the outbreak, and another 302 were injured. One additional fatality caused by straight-line winds occurred on Wisconsin on May 7.

All tornadoes in the outbreak were produced by three groups of supercells. The first cluster developed over Oklahoma in the morning of May 6 and tracked into Arkansas and southern Kansas before dissipating. The second wave of supercells formed in north-central Kansas and south-central Nebraska in the late afternoon of May 6 and produced numerous strong to violent tornadoes, several of which were long-tracked. The third group of supercells developed in the afternoon of May 7 in Minnesota, tracking east into Wisconsin and Upper Michigan. This group of supercells was tightly clustered and only semi-discrete, but produced several tornadoes, at least one of which was rated EF3.

The outbreak was the most prolific in Kansas since 2012, producing a total of 41 tornadoes in the state. Additionally, the outbreak was the deadliest in the Great Plains states as well as the deadliest in the month of May since 1999. The Eudora, Kansas tornado, which killed 8 people in the late evening of May 6, was described as "the most devastating tornado in Kansas since 2020" in local media.

Meteorological synopsis[]

The outbreak resulted from an upper-level low-pressure area and associated trough that developed over the Rocky Mountains in the evening of May 5 and began moving eastward across North America during the overnight hours. The morning of May 6 was humid and overcast across much of Kansas, southern Nebraska, and northern Oklahoma, with clear skies along and west of a dry line that extended from the Colby, Kansas area to Dalhart, Texas. By 6:30 am, cloud cover began to break in Oklahoma and far southern Kansas, with air temperatures in the low 70s Fahrenheit (low 20s Celsius) and dew points in the mid- to upper 60s (upper 10s Celsius). Due to filtered sunshine resulting from upper-level cirrus clouds across the region, a highly unstable air mass developed in the mid-morning hours, with CAPE values in the 3200-3300 J/kg range. Strong directional wind shear induced a cooling effect at upper levels, creating a very favorable environment for the development of intense supercells and tornadoes.

2023-05-08 outlook

2000Z convective outlook on May 6.

The outbreak was well-anticipated by the Storm Prediction Center, with a 15% risk of severe weather being issued for central and eastern Kansas as early as April 30. The risk area was expanded into Nebraska and Missouri on May 1; however on May 2, the risk area was largely removed from Missouri. On May 3, the 15% risk area was extended north and west to cover much of south and central Nebraska as well as south into northern Oklahoma, while a 15% risk area was added for a region extending roughly from Wichita to Kansas City. An enhanced risk of severe thunderstorms was issued for a large portion of Kansas and south-central Nebraska on May 3, with a slight risk extending from central Oklahoma to far southern South Dakota. The Day 3 convective outlook on May 3 mentioned the possibility of "several tornadoes, one or two of which could be intense", as well as a risk of large hail and damaging wind gusts. By May 5, a moderate risk of severe weather was issued for central Kansas, with an upgrade in the Day 1 outlook noted as being likely.

On the morning of May 6, the moderate risk was extended into central Nebraska, while a high risk was issued for most of central and eastern Kansas as well as south-central Nebraska, based on a 30% hatched risk of tornadoes. As conditions became increasingly favorable for a significant outbreak of tornadoes, a Particularly Dangerous Situation (PDS) watch was issued for the area of greatest risk, with a 90% probability of two or more tornadoes, and an 80% probability of one or more significant tornadoes. 

Confirmed tornadoes[]

Confirmed
Total
Confirmed
EF0
Confirmed
EF1
Confirmed
EF2
Confirmed
EF3
Confirmed
EF4
Confirmed
EF5
74 27 26 11 6 4 0



May 6 event[]

May 7 event[]

Notable tornadoes[]

Enid, Oklahoma[]

EF4 tornado (NWS)
F5 tornado Elie Manitoba 2007
Duration 0822 CDT – 0846 CDT
Intensity 325 km/h (200 mph) (1-min)

The most intense tornado of the outbreak touched down in the mid-morning hours of May 6 in rural Garfield County, Oklahoma and tracked through the south side of the city of Enid. The tornado touched down at 8:22 am CDT over an empty field around two miles to the west of Enid and tracked northeast at 25 miles per hour. The tornado was initially weak, causing roof damage to a few industrial buildings along West Southgate Road at EF1 strength, then toppling several trees in a row at a golf course. Between Chestnut Avenue and Wheatridge Road, the tornado rapidly intensified to EF3 intensity, flattening crops in fields and leveling several outbuildings. A split-level farmhouse along Oakwood Road was almost completely leveled, with only two interior walls still standing, nearby hardwood trees and wooden power poles were snapped, and a parked car was tossed 95 yards. As the tornado approached the Enid city limits, its path shifted slightly to the north. A moving car was tossed from Chestnut Avenue into a ditch, critically injuring the driver, before the tornado tracked through the city.

The tornado maintained EF3 strength as it tracked into the city limits. Four large, multi-story residential buildings at the Tuscana Apartments complex had their roofs completely removed and several upper-floor walls knocked down. Several large frame houses in a row along Blue Stem Road were demolished, with two being entirely leveled. One person was injured in this area. The Enid Fire Department was struck next and flattened, with the foundation mostly swept clean of debris before the tornado tracked through a park, debarking and denuding several small trees. Tracking through a residential area, the tornado strengthened further to EF4 strength. Dozens of houses in the path were demolished, with several being completely leveled. Several trees in the neighborhood were debarked and denuded as well, and two people were injured. The tornado weakened to EF3 strength as it tracked through the Oakridge Country Club grounds, 

Dexter, Kansas[]

EF3 tornado (NWS)
Elmer OK EF3 2015-05-16
Duration 1403 CDT – 1429 CDT
Intensity 240 km/h (150 mph) (1-min)

The first significant tornado of the day in Kansas touched down in Cowley County, roughly four miles to the west of the small community of Maple City, at 2:03 pm CDT and tracked northeast, initially causing damage to tree limbs near the edge of a field at EF0 strength. A steel barn and a farmhouse sustained minor damage shortly after the tornado touched down, and a few trees in a nearby small grove were toppled. The tornado continued over empty fields for the next two miles of its path, causing minimal damage. A few other trees were toppled or had branches snapped as the tornado crossed 211th Road into a lightly wooded area. A moving car was pushed off of Highway 166 shortly afterward, injuring the driver, before the tornado began to intensify. Several more trees to the north of the highway were pushed over, with a few hardwood trees being snapped at low-end EF2 strength. Along 243rd Drive, a farmhouse had its roof completely removed and its screen porch awning torn away, and a nearby steel barn was partially collapsed. Additional trees in the are a were snapped and toppled as well.

The tornado briefly weakened to EF1 strength as it continued over an orchard, toppling numerous pear trees, then causing significant damage to an older wooden mushroom barn. Continuing to the south of Dexter, the tornado regained EF2 strength, snapping and toppling more trees near Little Crabb Creek, then striking a rural subdivision where two poorly-constructed frame houses sustained severe damage, with one house having the majority of its second floor collapsed. Outbuildings, including a tool shed, were destroyed in the area as well, parked cars were flipped, a trailer home was overturned, and additional trees and power poles were snapped. A steel hay barn to the northeast was demolished, and two nearby tractors were overturned as well. The tornado intensified to EF3 strength soon after, demolishing a well-constructed farmhouse which was left with only first-floor interior walls still standing, and sweeping away two outbuildings. Trees in the area were snapped and uprooted, and a parked car was tossed 150 yards. As the tornado continued along Crabb Creek, a few trees were partially debarked, and additional outbuildings were leveled or swept away. Four mobile homes were completely obliterated to the south-southeast of  Dexter, with very little debris remaining near the site. One woman was killed in this area. A few more trees were debarked before the tornado began to weaken.

Continuing to the east of Dexter, the tornado caused severe damage to barns and outbuildings at EF2 strength. Trees in a wood lot in the area were snapped and toppled, and another moving car was tossed 60 yards from 212th Road, critically injuring the driver. A large and well-constructed estate building near the wood lot had most of its third and second floors collapsed before the tornado again moved over empty fields for the next three miles of its path and caused minimal damage. EF1-level damage was observed to another grove of trees to the northeast of Dexter; past this point, the tornado partially demolished six additional mobile homes, then caused moderate roofing damage to a nearby farmhouse. The tornado dissipated at 2:29 pm near 291st Road, slightly under five miles to the northeast of Dexter. 

The Dexter tornado left a path 17.40 miles long and remained on the ground for 26 minutes. Damage surveys rated the tornado as a mid-range EF3, with estimated wind speeds of 150 mph. The tornado caused one fatality and nine injuries along its path, and was the first intense (EF3+) tornado in the state of Kansas in nearly two years; the previous tornado of such strength occurred near Cassoday on June 11, 2021. 

Hope–Shady Brook–Latimer–White City, Kansas[]

EF4 tornado (NWS)
Pilger
Duration 1737 CDT – 1901 CDT
Intensity 305 km/h (190 mph) (1-min)

In the late afternoon and evening hours of May 6, a particularly intense supercell produced two violent and long-tracked EF4 tornadoes which tracked through central and northeastern Kansas. The first tornado touched down in rural McPherson County to the southeast of Bridgeport at 5:37 pm CDT and began tracking northeast at 40 miles per hour. The tornado initially caused minor damage to a few farm buildings at EF0 strength before moving over a row of trees, toppling several at low-end EF1 intensity. Shortly after touching down, the tornado crossed over a series of farms, causing varying degrees of damage to barns and outbuildings at EF1 strength over the next several miles of its path. Several homes in a small subdivision near Gypsum Creek sustained moderate to severe roofing damage, and additional trees were toppled as the tornado crossed the creek. Around a quarter mile farther to the east, a farmhouse had its roof severely stripped at high-end EF1 intensity, and nearby barns were largely demolished. The owner of the farmhouse was injured while running to a below-ground storm shelter. More trees were toppled in a small wooded area as the tornado continued to the northeast before again tracking through empty fields and causing no damage for the next three miles of its path. To the west of Highway 15, the tornado crossed a row of trees, toppling several, before reaching EF2 strength as it tracked through a larger wood lot, toppling and uprooting dozens more. A small restaurant along Highway 15 had its roof completely removed, and two people inside were injured.

To the east of Highway 15, two mobile homes were demolished at EF2 strength, and nearby parked cars were flipped and overturned. The tornado then moved over another series of fields before crossing Highway 4, toppling and uprooting several trees on the north side of the highway. A farmhouse further to the east had its roof removed and upper floor walls collapsed, and three nearby barns were leveled. A few other farmhouses near East Turkey Creek sustained EF1-level roofing damage, and several farm buildings on the Jacobson Ranch were damaged. A small area of EF3 damage was observed in a rural subdivision, where an unanchored farmhouse was swept away and three cars were tossed nearly 200 yards. Several additional farmhouses over the next mile and a half of the tornado's path sustained EF2 damage to their roofs and upper floors, and a number of outbuildings were severely damaged or destroyed. The tornado then tracked through Hope at EF3 strength, destroying or severely damaging several frame houses on the southern fringe of the city. Three two-story frame houses had their upper floors collapsed, while two others had only ground floor interior walls still standing. A parked car was tossed 160 yards, and numerous trees in town were snapped and denuded. Seven people were injured in the Hope area, two critically.  

Consistent EF3 damage was observed as the tornado continued past Hope, while shifting from an eastward to a northeastward path. A poorly-anchored farmhouse to the northeast of Hope was completely leveled, and crops in a nearby field were flattened. A tractor was tossed 95 yards, and trees at the edge of the field were snapped and debarked. Two mobile homes in the area were swept away as well. The tornado then tracked directly through the small community of Shady Brook while rapidly gaining strength. A Lutheran church was destroyed, with only small portions of basement walls still standing, and a nearby home was completely swept away with no debris remaining near the bare slab foundation. Grass was scoured from the lawn of this house, and two trees were reduced to debarked trunks. To the east, a steel barn was swept away and a silo was ripped from its anchoring and tossed 110 yards. A farmhouse and several other farm buildings were swept away as well on the eastern edge of the community. Several cars were tossed up to three-quarters of a mile and mangled beyond recognition, trees were completely debarked and stripped of their branches, and extensive ground scouring occurred in the area. Two deaths and three injuries occurred in Shady Brook. To the east of Shady Brook, three mobile homes in a cluster were swept away and five others were demolished at EF3 strength. Nearby trees were snapped and debarked, and additional ground scouring was observed. Along Wolf Road, a farmhouse was leveled with debris pushed off of the foundation, and an above-ground swimming pool was thrown a quarter mile into a field.

The tornado regained EF4 strength near Latimer, completely sweeping away an anchor-bolted two-story farmhouse to the south of the town and tossing a truck trailer nearly a full mile; the trailer was found crumpled into a ball in a ravine.  Parked cars near the farmhouse were tossed and severely mangled as well, and several more tree were completely debarked and denuded, with several having all of their branches removed. Pronounced ground scouring was observed in nearby fields as well. Farther to the northeast, the tornado swept away a well-anchored framehouse and debarked additional trees before striking a 400-foot tall radio mast, which was toppled and snapped in half. Maintaining EF4 strength, the tornado tracked through the western fringe of White City. A warehouse near the town's railroad tracks was leveled with debris pushed off of its foundations and scattered, and several parked utility trucks nearby were tossed up to 430 yards and mangled beyond recognition. In a residential area to the north, several additional homes were leveled with debris pushed off of their foundations, with one well-built and anchor bolted split-level house being completely swept away with its ground floor broken off and its basement left exposed. Despite the intensity of the damage at this house, surveys determined that it had recently sustained damage from basement flooding, weakening several walls and preventing an EF5 rating. Additional grass scouring occurred in White City as well. Two fatalities and eleven injuries occurred in White City. 

Continuing to the northeast of White City, the tornado rapidly weakened. Two houses in a rural subdivision had their roofs removed and exterior walls knocked down by the tornado at low-end EF3 strength, and crops in a field just past this point were flattened. Several outbuildings farther northeast were severely damaged or destroyed, and a large parked tractor-trailer was overturned. As the tornado crossed Highway 4 to the south of Dwight, an industrial warehouse had a large portion of its roof removed at EF2 strength, and nearby parked cars were flipped. The tornado then crossed through another forested area, toppling and uprooting additional trees in its path before moving over empty fields. Farther northeast, two rural frame houses had their roofs completely removed, and several wooden power poles were toppled. The tornado further weakened to EF1 strength before crossing Highway 4 a second time, causing moderate to severe damage to three mobile homes on the north side of the highway. Another frame house sustained moderate roofing damage before the tornado crossed into Wabaunsee County, moving over empty fields and causing no damage in the county. The tornado roped out shortly after crossing the county line and dissipated to the south of Alta Vista at 7:01 pm. 

The tornado remained on the ground for 1 hour and 24 minutes over a 57.65-mile path, making it the longest-tracked tornado of the outbreak as well as the longest-tracked tornado in the state of Kansas since the Crawford, Kansas tornado on May 24, 1990. The Shady Brook–White City tornado was the second-deadliest of the outbreak, causing four fatalities and 29 injuries along its path. The tornado was officially rated as a high-end EF4, with estimated peak winds of 190 mph based on damage in Shady Brook and White City; however, some meteorologists have disputed the rating and suggested that some of the damage in Shady Brook may be indicative of EF5 strength. After the Shady Brook–White City tornado dissipated, its parent supercell produced another violent and long-tracked tornado, also rated EF4, which tracked through the towns of Maple Hill, Willard, and Grove, causing nine additional injuries. 

Maple Hill–Willard–Grove, Kansas[]

EF4 tornado (NWS)
Rozel KS EF4 2013-05-18
Duration 1906 EDT – 1951 CDT
Intensity 285 km/h (180 mph) (1-min)

After the Shady Brook–Latimer–White City tornado dissipated, its parent supercell produced a second violent EF4 tornado which tracked through Wabaunsee, Shawnee, and Jackson Counties in northeastern Kansas. The tornado touched down to the south-southwest of McFarland at 7:06 pm CDT, initially toppling a number of trees along Mill Creek at EF1 strength. Outbuildings further along the path were damaged or destroyed, and a large wooden hay barn was severely damaged. As the tornado passed to the east of McFarlane, three mobile homes sustained severe damage, losing their roofs and some exterior walls. The tornado briefly weakened to EF0 strength, snapping tree branches in a small forested area and causing minor roofing damage to a farmhouse beyond, before regaining high-end EF1 strength as it struck a roadside convenience store, removing the majority of the roofing and snapping a satellite antenna on the store's roof. Additional trees were toppled near Spring Creek before the tornado reached EF2 strength as it crossed Interstate 70 to the west of Paxico, tossing two cars from the highway. Both drivers and a passenger were injured, but survived. A farmhouse had its roof removed and most of its top floor collapsed to the north of the highway, nearby trees were toppled, with one being snapped, and a tool shed and a garage were flattened. Maintaining EF2 strength, the tornado struck and destroyed a turkey barn, killing nearly 600 turkeys. Past this point, the tornado reached low-end EF3 intensity as it crossed over another subdivision of mobile homes, sweeping away two and completely destroying an additional five. 

As the tornado approached Maple Hill, it widened from 90 to over 200 yards in width, while simultaneously changing shape from a narrow elephant trunk to a large cone. Numerous trees in a row to the west-southwest of Maple Hill were snapped and debarked at EF3 strength before the tornado reached EF4 strength as it tracked through a field, shredding wheat stalks and scouring topsoil from the ground. The tornado then tracked directly through a residential area of Maple Hill at peak strength, destroying nearly every house in its path. Three well-constructed and anchor-bolted houses in town were completely leveled with debris pushed off of their foundations, trees were completely debarked and denuded, and two cars were tossed nearly half a mile and mangled beyond recognition. No fatalities occurred in Maple Hill, although six people were injured. The tornado then moved over another forested area, completely debarking and denuding more trees, before crossing through a series of empty fields, where additional ground scouring was noted. The tornado then tracked through the town of Willard, where two additional houses were leveled at low-end EF4 strength, and a poorly-anchored older house was completely swept away. Severe tree damage continued through Willard, with a few trees being debarked and stripped of most of their branches. Two people were injured in Willard. 

Past Willard, the tornado weakened to low-end EF3 strength as it crossed the Kansas River into Shawnee County, removing the top floor of a large two-story frame house and leveling a nearby manufactured home. EF2 damage was observed as the tornado tracked to the east of Rossville, destroying a number of barns, sheds, and other outbuildings, removing the roofs from several farmhouses, overturning a few parked cars, and rolling a horse trailer for nearly 200 yards. The tornado re-intensified to EF3 strength as it passed through a wooded area to the northeast of Rossville, snapping, denuding, and uprooting hundreds of trees in its path, and flattening additional crops in fields to the north. As the tornado cut through the small community of Grove, it reached EF4 strength a second time, completely debarking and denuding dozens of trees in a wood lot before moving over a row of houses. Five houses were destroyed, with one small house being cleanly swept away and two larger homes being entirely leveled, and parked cars were tossed up to a third of a mile and heavily mangled. Grass was scoured from a hillside in the Grove area as well. 

The tornado weakened to EF2 strength just to the northeast of Grove, demolishing a few mobile homes in a small subdivision before moving over a forested area, snapping and toppling more trees. Another farmhouse was severely damaged, having all but a small corner of its roof torn away and a top floor exterior wall knocked down. The tornado then moved over empty fields for the next three miles of its path before crossing over a cluster of small mobile homes, which were demolished at low-end EF2 strength. Trees to the north of this point were snapped and toppled, and a moving car was tossed from a road. The tornado weakened to EF0 strength shortly after crossing the Jackson County line, snapping tree branches and causing minor roofing damage to a steel barn before dissipating to the southwest of Hoyt at 7:51 pm. 

The tornado remained on the ground for 45 minutes over a 36.20 mile path, and was rated as a mid-range EF4, with estimated peak winds of 180 mph based on damage in Maple Hill. The tornado did not cause any deaths, although nine people were injured, with one man being critically injured, and hundreds of livestock were killed. The parent supercell of this tornado and the Shady Brook–Latimer tornado was very long-lived, and later produced a damaging EF2 tornado which caused considerable vegetation damage in rural areas of Atchison County shortly after 8:00 pm. 

Eudora, Kansas[]

EF3 tornado (NWS)
Rowlett Texas tornado
Duration 2106 EDT – 2143 CDT
Intensity 260 km/h (160 mph) (1-min)

In the late evening of May 6, an intense, high-end EF3 tornado tracked directly through the city of Eudora, Kansas, causing severe and widespread damage and several deaths. The tornado touched down just to the west of Eudora at 9:06 pm CDT, initially toppling power poles along the edge of a dirt road at low-end EF1 strength. Maintaining EF1 intensity, the tornado crossed over a farm, damaging two barns and a tractor shed, and causing minor roofing damage to the farmhouse. The tornado then intensified explosively, demolishing another farmhouse just outside the Eudora city limits at mid-range EF3 strength. Only interior walls were left standing at this home, and nearby trees were snapped and uprooted. Two people were injured at this location.

The tornado intensified further to high-end EF3 strength as it tracked through residential areas of Eudora, demolishing numerous well-constructed frame houses and larger split-level houses in its path. Several houses were left with only portions of interior walls or staircases left standing. Parked cars in the area were tossed up to a quarter mile and heavily mangled, and trees were snapped and debarked. The three-story Pinecrest Apartments building was partially collapsed, and a few houses along Fir Street were completely leveled. The tornado then moved through a business district, where a recording studio, a garden store, and a pizza shop were completely demolished, and the Eudora Police Department was severely damaged, with the northern half of the building collapsed and only interior walls still standing on the south side. Additional homes were demolished in residential areas to the east of the police station before the tornado exited the city limits and continued to the northeast.

Tracking to the northeast of Eudora, the tornado rapidly weakened to EF1 strength and narrowed to around 800 yards in width, causing considerable damage to a mobile homes in a small subdivision. Nearby trees were toppled, and one trailer home was pushed onto its side. The tornado then crossed the Johnson County line, toppling hundreds of trees in a forested area to the west-southwest of De Soto, then moving over a series of farms. Two farmhouses sustained moderate to severe roofing damage to the south of De Soto, and several barns and outbuildings were severely damaged or destroyed. The tornado weakened further to EF0 strength as it moved over another forest, snapping tree branches and pushing over a few shallow-rooted trees. The main building of the Olathe Water Treatment Plant sustained EF1-level roofing damage, and additional mobile homes to the east were severely damaged before the tornado moved over a residential area near Shawnee. Numerous additional houses sustained varying degrees of roof damage, sheds and garages were severely damaged or destroyed, and trees and power poles in the area were toppled. Tracking near Lake Quivira, the tornado caused severe roofing damage to several additional homes before moving over the lake as a large waterspout. EF0-level damage to tree branches was observed on the eastern shore of the lake before the tornado tracked through the northern suburbs of Shawnee while re-intensifying to EF1 strength. Mobile homes in the Esquire Estates subdivision were severely damaged or destroyed, while frame houses nearby sustained moderate roofing damaged. Five people were injured in the Shawnee city limits.

The tornado maintained EF1 intensity but narrowed to roughly 300 yards wide as it crossed the Wyandotte County line. Additional homes sustained varying degrees of roofing damage near the exchange of Interstate 35 and Interstate 635, and a moving SUV was tossed from an overpass into a culvert, critically injuring the driver. Warehouses at a Public Storage facility, a carpeting store, and a timber warehouse on the outskirts of Kansas City sustained low-end EF1-level roofing damage as well. Shortly after tracking into the Kansas City limits, the tornado weakened to EF0 strength, snapping tree branches and bending utility poles at a 45-degree angle. before roping out and dissipating to the northwest of the town of Grays Park at 9:43 pm.

The Eudora tornado was the deadliest of the outbreak, causing 8 deaths, all of which occurred within the Eudora city limits.The tornado was also the deadliest in the state of Kansas since the Greensburg tornado on May 4, 2007. An additional 72 people were injured, many critically. The tornado remained on the ground for 37 minutes over a 26.30-mile path, and reached a peak width of 1.3 miles, making it by far the widest tornado of the outbreak. The tornado was rated as a high-end EF3, with estimated peak winds of 160 mph based on damage in Eudora, although some meteorologists believe the tornado may have briefly reached EF4 strength shortly before tracking through the city.

Waco–Staplehurst–Dwight–Loma, Nebraska[]

EF3 tornado (NWS)
Montezuma KS tornado 11-16-2015
Duration 2137 CDT – 2243 CDT
Intensity 250 km/h (155 mph) (1-min)

This strong and long-tracked multiple-vortex tornado, rated EF3, tracked through eastern Nebraska in the late evening of May 6, causing considerable damage to several towns. The tornado touched down in York County, approximately one mile to the east of the city of York, at 9:37 pm CDT and tracked northeast at 40 miles per hour. The tornado intensified rapidly after touching down, severely damaging a well-constructed farmhouse which had its roof removed and three exterior walls collapsed. Two nearby steel barns were demolished, and parked cars and tractors were overturned. Damage in the area was rated EF2. The tornado then moved over empty fields before passing over a small row of trees, snapping and toppling several trees in its path. Two other farmhouses to the northeast sustained EF2-level damage before the tornado reached EF3 strength as it tracked through Waco. Houses in the tornado's path were severely damaged, with two being completely demolished, and another four having their top floors collapsed and exterior walls knocked down. The Nebraska Lutheran High School had the majority of its roof and two exterior walls removed as well, and a small office building was mostly flattened. Several cars and trucks in town were tossed up to 190 yards, and a number of trees were debarked. An elderly man was killed in the destruction of his home, and nine others in town were injured. 

The tornado weakened to EF1 strength soon after tracking through Waco, damaging a steel barn and a few grain bins along Highway 34 before causing roof damage to a few industrial buildings at a Monsanto plant. Further to the northeast, the tornado struck a mobile home park while at EF1 strength, severely damaging several mobile homes and overturning a number of others, resulting in five injuries in the area. A pocket of EF2 damage was observed as a grain bin on Bluff Road was completely destroyed and an abandoned wooden barn was swept away. The tornado then continued over empty fields for the next several miles of its path, causing minimal damage. Consistent EF2-level damage was observed as the tornado then tracked over a series of farms, damaging six farmhouses in sequence and destroying or severely damaging barns, sheds, and other outbuildings. Trees in a grove near the Our Redeemer Lutheran Church were snapped and uprooted at low-end EF3 strength before the tornado crossed Branched Oak Road to the west of Staplehurst. An unanchored farmhouse in the area was cleanly swept away, a parked minivan in the driveway was thrown roughly a quarter mile, and a few nearby trees were partially debarked. The tornado again began to weaken as it tracked directly to the north of Staplehurst, partially collapsing the upper floor of another farmhouse, and snapping and uprooting nearby trees at high-end EF2 strength. Crossing the Big Blue River, the tornado snapped and toppled or uprooted numerous trees and tossed an abandoned fishing boat 110 yards.  

After crossing the river, the tornado's path shifted more to the northeast as it again tracked mainly over empty fields. Damage over the next five miles of the path was mostly limited to trees, which were toppled at low-end EF2 intensity, and outbuildings which sustained varying degrees of damage. Crossing Highway 15, the tornado removed most of the roof from a roadside convenience store at high-end EF1 strength, then struck a farmhouse, severely stripping the roofing and partially collapsing two upper-floor exterior walls. A steel barn near the farmhouse was leveled while another was largely demolished, and an SUV parked in the driveway was overturned. At a dairy farm to the northeast, two cattle barns were demolished at EF2 strength, killing over 200 head of cows. The tornado then tracked directly through the town of Dwight at high-end EF2 strength. Several homes in town were severely damaged or destroyed, with frame houses having their upper floors collapsed and larger split-level houses suffering the loss of roofs and some exterior walls. A few manufactured homes were completely flattened. A brick Methodist Church lost its entire roof, and a small bar and grill was destroyed with large portions of its exterior walls collapsed. No fatalities occurred in town, although 11 people were injured.  

To the east of Dwight, several steel utility poles were bent before the tornado again weakened to EF1 strength, toppling additional trees in its path as it tracked through several miles of open woodland. A house near Oak Creek sustained moderate roofing damage, and two nearby outbuildings were flattened. The tornado then tracked through a small mobile home subdivision, completely demolishing two mobile homes and severely damaging seven others. Six people were injured in this area. The tornado regained EF2 strength for a final time as it tracked to the north of Loma, leveling several barns on the fringes of town and partially demolishing a few frame houses. Additional trees were snapped or toppled, and a few cars were flipped and overturned or tossed short distances. No fatalities or injuries occurred in the Loma area. The tornado then struck three more farms at EF1 strength, causing mild to moderate damage to farmhouses and severely damaging or demolishing barns and outbuildings. EF0-level damage was observed to a farmhouse along 27th Road, which sustained minor roofing damage, and trees in a nearby row had branches snapped. The tornado then moved over empty fields for the final four miles of its path, ultimately dissipating to the southwest of Weston at 10:43 pm.  

The tornado had the second-longest path length of the outbreak, remaining on the ground for 44.35 miles over the course of one hour and six minutes. Along the tornado's path, one fatality and 49 injuries occurred. As the tornado passed to the northwest of Staplehurst, a Doppler On Wheels (DOW) truck recorded peak wind gusts of 196 mph within the tornado, suggesting that the tornado was likely capable of causing EF4 damage. Damage surveys ultimately assigned a mid-range EF3 rating, with estimated peak ground-level winds of 155 mph, based on the lack of damage indicators to suggest greater intensity.  

Grafton, Nebraska[]

EF4 tornado (NWS)
Plains Kansas Tornado 05-24-15
Duration 2225 CDT – 2258 CDT
Intensity 280 km/h (175 mph) (1-min)

The final violent tornado of the outbreak developed out of a supercell that tailed the parent supercell of the EF3 Waco–Staplehurst tornado and paralleled its path slightly to the southwest, causing EF4 damage near the town of Grafton. The tornado touched down in Clay County to the southeast of Sutton at 10:25 pm CDT, initially causing minor damage to grain bins and outbuildings at EF0 strength. A few power poles were bent  soon after the tornado touched down. Shortly afterward, the tornado reached EF1 strength as it passed over a farm, removing the majority of the roofing from the small farmhouse and heavily damaging four wooden barns. A few trees in the area were pushed over as well. To the northeast, the tornado passed over another farm, damaging or destroying a few barns and outbuildings. The tornado then reached EF3 strength, flattening corn stalks in a series of fields, and leveling a steel barn along Road G before weakening back to EF1 strength. Power poles along the road were toppled, and another farmhouse sustained moderate roofing damage. To the south of Highway 6, EF2 damage was observed to a chicken house which was swept away, and two grain bins were destroyed. Another farmhouse had its roof completely removed and two exterior walls on its top floor knocked down before the tornado reached  EF3 strength again, while simultaneously expanding to more than a mile in width. 

As the widening and strengthening tornado approached the village of Grafton, a Particularly Dangerous Situation (PDS) tornado warning was issued. Many residents were woken by tornado sirens in time to take appropriate shelter, which local authorities believed was a contributing factor to the lack of a higher death toll. The tornado was around 1.1 miles wide as it made its closest approach to Grafton, tracking through a subdivision around half a mile to the north of town. Five houses were severely damaged, with three being completely leveled or left with only interior walls still standing, and sheds and other outbuildings were swept away. Several parked cars in the area were thrown up to 230 yards, and a trailer home was tossed 150 yards. Trees to the east of this subdivision were snapped and denuded as well, with several being debarked. The tornado then reached EF4 strength as it cut through another subdivision to the northeast. One house in this subdivision was cleanly swept away, with only carpet tacks remaining on the empty foundation, while a larger, well-constructed and anchor-bolted frame house was flattened, with most of the debris pushed off of its foundation into a pile. Trees in this subdivision were completely debarked and denuded, and an SUV was tossed a quarter mile. Two people were killed in the Grafton area, and 20 others were injured.

The tornado began to weaken as it continued to the east of the subdivision but maintained EF3 intensity, snapping and debarking trees along the edge of Highway 6. Two industrial warehouses at a fertilizer plant were mostly flattened, and numerous solar panels at a photovoltaic power station to the northwest of Fairmount were tossed in excess of 200 yards. Passing to the north of Fairmount, the tornado weakened to EF2 strength. Along Highway 81, a large, split-level farmhouse had its roof removed, most of its upper floor collapsed, and its rear screen porch torn away. A car parked in the driveway was thrown 65 yards into a field, and a tractor shed was demolished with two tractors being ejected from the rubble. A steel warehouse was struck next, losing its roof and having one of its exterior walls blown out. A few additional trees along Meridian Highway were snapped and toppled before the tornado weakened to EF1 intensity. A few small outbuildings were destroyed on the south side of Highway 6 before the tornado reached EF2 strength a final time, completely destroying two hay barns and snapping a few power poles. EF1 damage to trees and power poles continued for most of the remainder of the tornado's path; as the tornado approached Exeter from the southwest, trees in a small grove had their branches snapped at EF0 strength. The tornado dissipated immediately afterwards at 10:58 pm, around two miles west-southwest of Exeter. 

The tornado remained on the ground for 33 minutes over a 22.90 mile path, and caused two fatalities and 23 injuries. Many authorities considered the death toll to be surprisingly low, considering the tornado's occurrence after dark and relatively fast forward speed. The lack of a higher death toll was attributed to considerable lead time, with a tornado warning having been in effect for nearly 20 minutes before the tornado struck the village. The Grafton tornado was initially rated as a high-end EF3, but the rating was upgraded to low-end EF4, with estimated peak winds of 175 mph, in a secondary damage survey conducted on June 29.

Casualties and impact[]

Notable tornado outbreaks
March 17–19, 2019April 23, 2019April 5, 2020November 21–22, 2020February 3, 2021May 16, 2021June 9–13, 2021April 12, 2022April 30, 2023May 6–7, 2023April 10–13, 2024May 29, 2024June 15–16, 2024July 14, 2025December 5, 2025June 11, 2026June 24, 2026
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